Science behind this product: Alpha Arbutin has a similar structure as tyrosine (a non-essential amino acid that binds with tyrosinase to catalyze melanin synthesis). Due to its perfect affinity for active sites of tyrosinase Alpha Arbutin blocks tyrosine. It is thereby inhibiting melanin production without affecting cell viability, unlike Kojic Acid, which decreases tyrosine production and can be cytotoxic. Alpha Arbutin present in this serum has a very low IC50 value (IC50 is a measure of the potency of the compound in inhibiting a biochemical function. Low value means even less concentration of active is effective and more potent). It is scientifically proven to show effects even at lower concentrations. Additionally, every Arbutin is not the same. Beta Arbutin, commonly used in Arbutin serums, is cheap and less effective. According to the AAD, when you stop what is causing dark spots and protect your skin from damage by UV rays, then fading is effective and fast. This serum exhibits both anti-pigmentation and anti-tanning after UV exposure, resulting in an even bright skin tone. However, it is not meant for use as a fairness treatment or sunblock.FOR ALL SKIN TYPES: This serum is suitable for all skin types (Dry, Oily or Normal). Formulated for both men and women. With anti-inflammatory Centella water it is suitable for even sensitive skin. CLEAN TRANSPARENT BEAUTY: This serum is (i) Fragrance-free (ii) Silicones-free (iii) Sulfates-free (iv) Parabens-free (v) Essential Oils-free and (vi) Dyes-free. Also, it is non-comedogenic, oil-free, and hypoallergenic. Formulated at pH 3.9 - 4.9 formulated with high grade COS-VCE (Ethyl Ascorbic Acid) by CosMol Korea, a leading global supplier. SOOTHING HYDRATING: Formulated with Centella water that soothes and calms skin making this formula non-irritating and suitable for all skin types. 1 Acetyl Glucosamine added in this serum boosts your hydration and natural exfoliation for a plum radiant skin. NATURAL GLOW BOOSTER: This glow serum ensures high delivery of Vit C directly into your skin. Vit C reduces melanin production resulting glowing skin. Reduces dullness tanning and protects from environmental stress such as pollution sun damage. A POTENT STABLE VITAMIN C FACE SERUM: Not all Vit C serums are made equal! This serum is is made with a stable Vitamin C derivative, 10 Ethyl Ascorbic Acid that is closest to pure Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) in molecular size and weight. With similar molecule size and 86 pure Vitamin C content it delivers maximum benefits of Vitamin C without getting bad or losing efficacy till the last drop (unlike other Vitamin C serums).