Beeswax is a secretion produced by the wax glands in the abdominal rings of young worker bees that are approximately three weeks old. After being secreted as white, the wax hardens upon contact with the air, darkens, and turns yellow. Beeswax is vital for bees. Bees produce beeswax to weave their cells and form honeycombs by processing the beeswax into hexagonal shapes. In these combs, they periodically store their honey and raise their young. During the egg-laying period, the queen bee lays eggs in each cell. These eggs complete their entire developmental process within the cells. From the larval stage until they develop wings and fly, the bees live in these cells, surviving their most vulnerable moments thanks to the beeswax. During the honey-making season, the bees use the beeswax combs as honey storage areas. After the bees convert flower nectar into honey, this honey must sit in the cells for a while and ripen. When the bees cover the honey they store in the combs with a layer of honeycomb, the honey is ripe and ready for milking. This secreted layer of honeycomb is also produced from beeswax and is an extremely valuable bee product. The chemical structure of beeswax includes alkali esters, free fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and free alcohols. Beeswax melts completely at 62-65C. Because its density is 0.95, it collects on the surface of the water when melted. Beeswax production is quite difficult and tedious. The glaze layer on the honeycombs taken from the hive is removed using traditional methods such as a glaze knife, glaze roller, and glaze comb. The frames are then placed in the honey milking machine and rotated at high speed. The resulting centrifugal force causes the honey to filter into the boiler, leaving only the combs behind. In this way, a beekeeper milking 100 kg of honey can extract approximately 1 kg of beeswax from the remaining combs.

Bal mumu, yaklasik üç haftalik genç isçi arilarin karin halkalarindaki mum salgi bezlerinden çikan salgidir. Balmumu, beyaz olarak salgilandiktan sonra hava ile temas ederek katilasir, koyulasir ve sari renge dönüsür. Bal mumu arilar için hayati öneme sahiptir. Arilar petek gözlerini örmek için bal mumu üretirler ve bal mumunu altigen seklinde isleyerek petekleri olustururlar. Olusturulan bu peteklerde dönemsel olarak hem ballarini depolar hem de yavrularini büyütürler. Yumurtlama döneminde ana ari, her bir petek gözüne yumurta birakir. Birakilan bu yumurtalar, tüm gelisim süreçlerini petek gözünde tamamlar. Larva döneminden, kanatlanip uçana kadar petek gözlerinde yasayan arilar, en savunmasiz anlarinda bal mumu sayesinde hayatta kalirlar.Arilar, bal yapma dönemlerinde ise balmumundan petekleri bal depolama alani olarak kullanir. Arilar, çiçek nektarlarini bala dönüstürdükten sonra olusturulan bu balin petek gözlerinde bir süre beklemesi ve olgunlasmasi gerekir. Arilar peteklere depoladiklari ballarin üzerini sir tabakasiyla kapattiklari zaman bal olgunlasmis ve sagima hazir hale gelmis demektir. Salgilanan bu sir tabakasi da yine bal mumundan üretilir ve son derece kiymetli bir ari ürünüdür. Bal mumunun kimyasal yapisinda alkali esterler, serbest yag asitleri, hidrokarbonlar, serbest alkoller bulunur. Bal mumu 62-65C'de tamamen erir. Yogunlugu 0.95 oldugu için eritildigi zaman su yüzeyinde toplanir.Bal mumu üretimi oldukça zor ve mesakkatlidir. Kovandan alinan petek ballarin üzerindeki sir tabakasi sir biçagi, sir rulosu, sir taragi gibi geleneksel yöntemlerle kaldirilir. Sonrasinda bal sagim makinesine konulan çerçeveler, makinenin içinde yüksek hizda döndürülür, olusturulan merkez kaç kuvvetinin etkisiyle, ballar kazanin içine süzülürken geriye petekler kalir. Bu sekilde 100 kg bal sagimi yapan arici kalan peteklerden 1 kg civarinda bal mumu elde edebilir.